---
title: JLPT N5 - Particles used with verbs (を, に, で , へ)
description: Free JLPT N5 grammar lesson - Particles used with verbs (を, に, で , へ)
image: https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/JLPT%20grammar%20N5.jpeg
---

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# JLPT N5 - Particles used with verbs (を, に, で , へ)

![Christophe](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/IMG_4361S_C-1.jpg)

Posted by [Christophe](https://blog.cardemy.com/author/christophe) on Dec 26, 2022 8:11:32 AM

![La particule を : marqueur de l’objet direct](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/subtitle_bean.svg)

### を particle : direct object marker

1)  In most cases, the particle を follows a noun to indicate that it is the direct object.   
肉にくを食たべる。Eat some meat.   
宿題しゅくだいをする。 Do your homework

2)  More rarely, を is also used with verbs of motion such as 歩あるく, 走はしる, 通とおる, 渡わたる and 曲まがる.   
道みちを歩あるく。Walking down the street.   
道路どうろを走はしる。 Run on a road.  
ここを通とおる。Go here.   
橋はしを渡わたる。Cross a bridge.   
角かどを曲まがる。 Turn at a corner (on the road). 

3)  Sometimes を is also used with verbs such as 出でる, 離はなれる to indicate a starting point.   
家いえを 出でる。Leave the house. 

3) noun + を +する is handled as a verb (を is optional).   
料理りょうりをする。Cook.   
勉強べんきょうする。Study.

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

毎日まいにち、本ほんを読ほんむ。

I read a book every day.

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

公園こうえんを歩あるいた。

I walked in a park.

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

今年ことし、大学だいがくを出でた。

I finished my studies at the university this year.

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

毎朝まいあさ、日本語にほんごを勉強べんきょうする。

Every morning I study Japanese.

 

| [Add flashcards](https://cardemy.com/addCardsFromGrammarGuide) |   |
| --- | --- |
| を | 228025148  |
| を | 1683736870 |
| を | 446562438  |
| を | 99998481974910 |

 

 

![La particule に : marqueur d’une cible](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/subtitle_bean.svg)

### に particle : marker of a target

1) The particle に defines a target for the verb   
・ The destination of verbs of motion such as 行いく, 来くる or 帰かえる.   
沖縄おきなわに行いく。Go to Okinawa.

・The aim of actions such as 行いく, 来くる, 帰かえる is indicated by に.   
買かい物ものに来きた。Go shopping. 

・The target of change.   
大人おとなになる。Grow up. 

2) に indicates the precise moment of the action   
に is required to indicate the date or time of the action.   
五時ごじに帰かえる。Return at 5am. 

On the other hand に is in most cases optional with words indicating a time such as 今いま, 明日あした, 今週こんしゅう, 来年らいしゅう .   
昨日きのう、ケーキを 食たべた。Yesterday I had a cake. 

3) に can indicate the place of existence with the verbs  ある and いる.   
日本にほんにいる。 I am in Japan.

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

昨日きのう映画えいがに行いった。

Yesterday I went to the cinema (I went (to see) a film).

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

毎晩まいばん10時じに寝ねる。

Every night I go to bed at 10 o'clock.

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

公園こうえんに子供こどもがいる。

There are children in the park.

| [Add flashcards](https://cardemy.com/addCardsFromGrammarGuide) |   |
| --- | --- |
| に | 3050330 |
| に | 21946241 |
| に | 99998485631171 |
| に | 1685331397 |

 

![La particule へ : marqueur de direction](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/subtitle_bean.svg)

### へ particle : marker of direction

It indicates the direction in which one is going. It is only used with verbs of motion such as 行いく, 来くる, 帰ねる, 着つく and 向むかう.   
学校がっこうへ行いく。Go to school.

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

明日あした、友達ともだちが家いえへ来くる。

Tomorrow my friend is coming to my house.

![La particule de contexte で ](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/subtitle_bean.svg)

### で particle : marker of context

1) で  indicates the means, such as a transport, a tool, a language, etc.   
バスで帰かえる。Come back (home etc.) by bus. 

2) で  indicates the place where an action takes place and is used with "non-movement" verbs.   
カフェでコーヒーを飲のむ。Drinking coffee in a café. 

3) で indicates the state in which an action is performed.   
着物きもので行いく。Go wearing a kimono. 

4) で  indicates time limit, number of people, quantity, price, etc.   
五分ごふんで着つく。Arrive in 5 minutes. 

5) で  indicates the cause and can be translated as "because of"   
風邪かぜで休やすむ。Being absent because of a cold. 

6) で  indicates the material of something.   
家いえを木きで作つくった。Have made a wooden house.

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

日本人にほんじんは箸はしで食たべる。

Japanese eat with chopsticks.

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

スーパーで食たべ物ものを買かった。

I bought food at the supermarket.

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

家族かぞくで旅行りょこうする。

I travel with my family.

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

三十分さんじゅっぷんで家いえへ帰かえった。

I got home 30 minutes ago.

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

風邪かぜで学校がっこうを休やすんだ。

I was absent from school because of a cold.

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

木きでテーブルを作つくった。

I made a wooden table.

| [Add flashcards](https://cardemy.com/addCardsFromGrammarGuide) |   |
| --- | --- |
| へ | 3118243 |
| で |  99998479205203 |
| で | 519685324 |
| で | 2031018757 |

![Les particules  から et まで : origine et point d’arrivée](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/subtitle_bean.svg)

### から and まで particles : origin and destination

から particle indicates the starting point and the origin and is translated as "from" and "to".  
大阪おおさかから来きた。Coming from Osaka.

 The particle まで indicates the point of arrival and is translated as "until" or "to".   
朝あさから晩ばんまで働はたらく。Work from morning to night.

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

駅えきから家いえまで歩あるいた。

I walked from the station to the house.

 

| [Add flashcards](https://cardemy.com/addCardsFromGrammarGuide) |   |
| --- | --- |
| から✅ | 99998479632446 |
| から✅ | 99998484798104 |
| まで | 99998477869227 |
| まで | 99998481565546 |

![Quand le lieu est un thème de la phrase](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/subtitle_bean.svg)

### When place is a theme of the sentence

In Japanese, the notion of theme exists. The theme of the sentence is indicated by the particles は or も (も adds the meaning of "also" in the affirmative sentence or "not anymore" in the negative sentence). 

If the place is the theme, we add は or も just after the particles に, へ, or で.   
A：東京とうきょうに行いった？  Have you been to Tokyo?   
B：うん、東京とうきょうに行いった。Yes, I have been there.   
A：大阪おおさかにも行いった？  Did you go to Osaka too?   
B：ううん、大阪おおさかには行いかなかった。No, I didn't go to Osaka.

A：家いえで勉強べんきょうする？ Do you study at home?   
B：ううん、家いえでは勉強べんきょうしない。No, I don't study at home. 

We cannot use the particle を and the thematic particles は and も at the same time. If we want to thematise the direct object, we must remove the particle を.   
(Incorrect) マンガをは読よまない。   
(Correct) マンガは読よまない。As far as manga is concerned, I don't read.

は is placed after the nominal group on which the speaker's attention is to be focused.

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

会社かいしゃへは行いく。

As far as the office is concerned, I am going there.

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

今日きょう、買かい物ものには行いかない。

As far as the races are concerned, I'm not going today.

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

図書館としょかんでは勉強べんきょうする。

As far as the library is concerned, I study there.

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

ワインは飲のむ。

As far as wine is concerned, I drink it.

 

| [Add flashcards](https://cardemy.com/addCardsFromGrammarGuide) |   |
| --- | --- |
| へは✅ | 99998477783431 |
| には✅ | 99998485442518 |
| には | 830525395 |
| は | 99998476928150  |

![Exercices](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/subtitle_bean.svg)

### Exercices

Complete with を, に, へ, で, から, or まで in 〇.

毎日まいにちパン〇食たべる。

Answer →

毎日まいにちパンを食たべる

Translation →

I eat bread every day.

学校がっこう〇日本語にほんご〇勉強べんきょうする。

Answer →

学校がっこうで日本語にほんごを勉強べんきょうする。

Translation →

I study Japanese at school.

家いえ〇帰かえった。

Answer →

家いえに帰かえったou家いえへ帰かえった。

Translation →

I went home.

今いま、彼女かのじょは公園こうえん〇いる。

Answer →

今いま、彼女かのじょは公園こうえんにいる。

Translation →

Now she is in the park.

レストラン〇パスタ〇食たべた。

Answer →

レストランでパスタを食たべた。

Translation →

I ate pasta at restaurant.

りえは日本人にほんじんだ。東京とうきょう〇来きた。

Answer →

りえは日本人にほんじんだ。東京とうきょうから来きた。

Translation →

Rie is Japanese. She comes from Tokyo.

毎朝まいあさ、バス〇学校がっこう〇行いく。

Answer →

毎朝まいあさ、バスで学校がっこうに行いく。

Translation →

Every morning I go to school by bus.

毎晩まいばん料理りょうり〇する。

Answer →

毎晩まいばん料理りょうりをする。

Translation →

I cook every night.

家いえからコンビニ〇歩あるく。

Answer →

家いえからコンビニまで歩あるく。

Translation →

I walk from the house to the supermarket.

Reconstitute a sentence with a theme particle も.

図書館としょかんで勉強べんきょうする。

Answer →

図書館としょかんでも勉強べんきょうする。

Translation →

I also study in the library.

沖縄おきなわへ行いった。

Answer →

沖縄おきなわへも行いった。

Translation →

I am also going to Okinawa.

Reconstitute a sentence with a theme particle は.

買かい物ものに行いく。

Answer →

買かい物ものには行いく。

Translation →

As far as shopping is concerned, I go there to do it.

肉にくを食たべない。

Answer →

肉にくは食たべない。

Translation →

As far as meat is concerned, I don't eat it.

 Topics: [Learn Japanese](https://blog.cardemy.com/tag/learn-japanese), [JLPT N5 Grammar](https://blog.cardemy.com/tag/jlpt-n5-grammar)

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