---
title: "JLPT N5 - Introduction to particles : は、も、が"
description: "Free grammar lessons JLPT N5 : Introductions to particles : は (wa)、も (mo)、が (ga)"
image: https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/JLPT%20grammar%20N5.jpeg
---

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# JLPT N5 - Introduction to particles : は、も、が

![Christophe](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/IMG_4361S_C-1.jpg)

Posted by [Christophe](https://blog.cardemy.com/author/christophe) on Jun 26, 2022 11:29:12 AM

 

What are the Japanese particles?

A particle follows the word it targets to indicate its function in the sentence (e.g. theme, subject, direct object, place, etc.). In the Japanese language, particles have an important role.

![La particule de thème 「は」](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/subtitle_bean.svg)

### The theme particle 「は」wa

The particle は indicates that the noun before it is the theme. The theme refers to what is being talked about in the sentence, i.e., about what new information is going to be provided.

The theme is not necessarily the grammatical subject of the sentence. The subject and the theme should not be confused.

The particle は can be roughly translated as "about" or "concerning".

Although we write "は" (normally pronounced "ha"), we pronounce "wa".  
（例）   
ニコラ**は**フランス 人じんだ。Nicolas is French (Regarding Nicolas, he is French).

The structure 「noun + は」 also allows us to construct an interrogative sentence.  
（例）   
A：お 名前なまえ**は**？What's your name? (Regarding your name?)  
B：山田やまだです。My name is Yamada (It's Yamada).

In Japanese, we omit what is obvious in the context. For example, in the second sentence below, the question is about Yamada's "little job" when "little job" is not mentioned.

(例）   
Suzuki：今日きょう**は**アルバイトだ。山田やまださん**は**？  
Today I'm going to my little job (Today is little job.) Are you going to your little job, Yamada? (About you, Yamada?)

Yamada：私わたし**は**、明日あした。 I'm going to my little job tomorrow (Concerning me, it's tomorrow).

![flashcards_purple](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

私わたしは学生がくせいだ。

I am a student. (As for me, I am a student.)

![Asset 10@3x](https://blog.cardemy.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Asset%2010@3x.png?width=24&name=Asset%2010@3x.png)

今日きょうは雨あめじゃない。

Today it's not raining. (Regarding today, it's not raining.)

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

私わたしはラーメン。

As far as I'm concerned, I'll take a ramen.

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

趣味しゅみは？

What are your hobbies? (Regarding your hobbies?)

 

| [Add flashcards](https://cardemy.com/addCardsFromGrammarGuide) |   |
| --- | --- |
| は | 99998485641614  |
| は | 99998485502272  |
| は | 99998485502272  |

![La particule inclusive de thème 「も」](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/subtitle_bean.svg)

### The theme inclusive particle 「も」mo

This particle is similar to は, but it adds the meaning of "also" in the affirmative sentence or "neither" in the negative sentence.

When there is an opposition of ideas, は should be used, not も.

（例）  
A：ニコラ**は** 先生せんせい？   
B：うん。あと、メラニー**も** 先生せんせい。

A：ニコラ**は** 先生せんせい？   
B：ううん、でもメラニー**は** 先生せんせい。

A：ニコラ**は** 先生せんせい？   
B：ううん、あとメラニー**も** 先生せんせいじゃない。

 

![La particule d’identification 「が」](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/subtitle_bean.svg)

### The identification particle 「が」ga

Some sentences have no theme but use the subject identification particle が.

Sentences without theme are used as follows：

1) When describing an event as it is perceived through one of the five senses.  
（例）   
見みて、あそこにねこ**が**いる。Look, there's a cat over there.  
音楽おんがく**が** 聞きこえる。I hear music.

2) When new information is given or asked for.  
（例）   
今日きょう、パーティー**が**ある。Today there is a party.

In sentences beginning with interrogative words, we put が after the interrogative word. This is because we are asking for new information. When we answer, we also use the particle が.

A：誰だれ**が** 先生せんせい？Who is the teacher? (Who is the one who is a teacher?)  
B：彼かれ**が** 先生せんせい。He is the one (He is the one who is a teacher).

Note well the difference subtitle with the particle は which does not identify the subject:

A：先生せんせい**は** 誰だれ？Who is the teacher? (As for the teacher, who is he?)  
B：先生せんせい**は** 彼かれ。It's him (Concerning the teacher, who is he).

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

誰だれが友達ともだち？

Who is your friend? (Who is the one who is your friend?)

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

彼かれが友達ともだち。

He is the one who is my friend (He is the one who is my friend).

 

| [Add flashcards](https://cardemy.com/addCardsFromGrammarGuide) |   |
| --- | --- |
| が | 99998485634847  |
| が | 99998477427737  |
| が | 1597452703  |

![Exercices](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/subtitle_bean.svg)

### Exercices

Make a sentence using the theme particle は .  
（例）先生せんせい。（theme: 彼かれ ）→ 彼かれは 先生せんせい。

誰だれ？（彼女かのじょ）

Answer →

彼女かのじょは誰だれ？

Translation →

Who is she?

いつ？（試験しけん）

Answer →

試験しけんはいつ？

Translation →

When is the exam?

何なに？（あれ）

Answer →

あれは何なに？

Translation →

What is it?

どう？（日本にほん）

Answer →

日本にほんはどう？

Translation →

How is Japan?

先生せんせいだ。（山田やまださん）

Answer →

山田やまださんは先生せんせいだ。

Translation →

M.(Mrs.) Yamada is a teacher.

友達ともだちだ（ニコラ)

Answer →

ニコラは友達ともだちだ。

Translation →

Nicolas is my friend.

晴はれだ（今日きょう）

Answer →

今日きょうは晴はれだ。

Translation →

It is sunny today.

ここ？（トイレ）

Answer →

ここはトイレ？

Translation →

Are toilets here?

アメリカ人じんだ。（リンダ）

Answer →

リンダはアメリカ人じんだ。

Translation →

Linda is american.

休やすみ？（明日あした）

Answer →

明日あしたは休やすみ？

Translation →

Tomorrow is a day off?

Complete with は or も in 〇."

今日きょうは晴はれだ。昨日きのう〇晴はれだった。

Answer →

今日きょうは晴はれだ。昨日きのう（も）晴はれだった。

Translation →

Today it is sunny. Yesterday it was also sunny.

メラニーはフランス人じんだ。でも、私わたし〇フランス人じんじゃない。

Answer →

メラニーはフランス人じんだ。でも、私わたし（は）フランス人じんじゃない。

Translation →

Melanie is French. But I am not French.

それは手帳てちょう。これ〇そうだ。

Answer →

それは手帳てちょう。これ（も）そうだ。

Translation →

This one is an agenda. This one is also (an agenda).

アルバイトは明日あしただ。今日きょう〇アルバイトじゃなかった。

Answer →

アルバイトは明日あしただ。今日きょう（は）アルバイトじゃなかった。

Translation →

My little job is tomorrow, not today.

父ちちは医者いしゃ。あと兄あに〇医者いしゃ。

Answer →

父ちちは医者いしゃ。あと兄あに（も）医者いしゃ。

Translation →

My father is a doctor. And my older brother is also a doctor.

Complete with は, もor が in 〇.

A: トイレ 〇 どこ？   
B: そこ 〇 トイレ。

Answer →

A: トイレ は どこ？   
B: そこ が トイレ。

Translation →

A : Where are the toilets?   
B : The toilets are there.

A: これ 〇 何なに？   
B: これ 〇 ゲーム。   
A: それ 〇 ゲーム？   
B: ううん、それ 〇 ゲームじゃない。

Answer →

A: これ は 何なに？   
B: これはゲーム。   
A: それ も ゲーム？   
B: ううん、それ は ゲームじゃない。

Translation →

A : What is it?   
B : These are games.   
A : Are these games too?   
B : No, these are not games.

A: 彼女かのじょ 〇 誰だれ？   
B: 彼女かのじょ 〇 山田やまださん。 先生せんせいだよ。

Answer →

A: 彼女かのじょ は 誰だれ？   
B: 彼女かのじょ は 山田やまださん。 先生せんせいだよ。

Translation →

A : Who is she?   
B : It's Mrs. Yamada. She is a teacher.

 Topics: [Learn Japanese](https://blog.cardemy.com/tag/learn-japanese), [JLPT N5 Grammar](https://blog.cardemy.com/tag/jlpt-n5-grammar)

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