---
title: JLPT N4 - Nominal particles と, や, の
description: "Free JLPT N4 Grammar Lesson : Nominal particles と,や,の"
image: https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/JLPT%20grammar%20N4.jpeg
---

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# JLPT N4 - Nominal particles と, や, の

![Christophe](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/IMG_4361S_C-1.jpg)

Posted by [Christophe](https://blog.cardemy.com/author/christophe) on Nov 13, 2022 8:34:00 AM

 

![La particule と](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/subtitle_bean.svg)

### と particle

(1) Placed between two nouns, the particle と translates as 'and'.  
Ex : 犬いぬと猫ねこがいる。There is a dog and a cat.

(2) と can also indicate that an action is performed with someone, in which case it is translated as "with".  
Ex : 昨日きのう、先生せんせいと話はなした。Yesterday I talked with my teacher.

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

魚さかなと肉にくと野菜やさいを食たべた。

I ate fish, meat and vegetables.

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

彼女かのじょとディズニーランドへ行いった。

I went to Disneyland with my girlfriend.

 

 

| [Add flashcards](https://cardemy.com/addCardsFromGrammarGuide) |   |
| --- | --- |
| と | 28732480 |
| と | 99998476191008 |
| と | 99998484588435 |
| と | 1010490789 |

 

![Les particules や et とか](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/subtitle_bean.svg)

### や and とか particle

や is also used between two nouns, but it assumes an incomplete enumeration.   
など・等など is often put after the last word of the enumeration (can be translated as "etc.").  
Ex : お昼ひるは、おにぎりやサラダやバナナなどを食たべた。I had an onigiri, a salad, a banana, etc.

とか is a more familiar expression than や.  
Ex : ドラマとか映画えいがとかアニメを見みる。I watch a series, a film, an anime, etc.

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

ロックやジャズやクラシックを聞きく。

I listen to rock, jazz, classical music, etc.

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

ノートとかペンとかは、いる？

Do you need a notebook, pen, etc.?

 

 

 

| [Add flashcards](https://cardemy.com/addCardsFromGrammarGuide) |   |
| --- | --- |
| や | 99998484026567  |
| や | 99998483902121 |
| とか | 99998484127611 |
| とか | 99998483807119 |

![La particule の](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/subtitle_bean.svg)

### の particle

(1) の introduces a noun complement.  
Ex : 田中たなかさんは、日本語にほんごの先生せんせいだ。Tanaka is a Japanese language teacher.

(2) の also means belonging.  
Ex : これは、私わたしの車くるまだ。This is my car.

**Notes on the use of の**

- The name that is changed may be omitted depending on the context.  
A：それは誰だれのかばん？Whose bag is it ?  
B：まことくんの。This is (the bag is) Makoto's.

- の can replace and take the role of the name itself.  
adjective + の　→ a thing + adjective   
Ex : 青あおいの (a blue thing) 

- If we put an adjective in な before の, we must add な between the adjective and の.  
Ex : 私わたしが好すきなのは、ゲームだ。One thing I like is games.

- After a verb, の introduces a nominalization of the verb. Then you can use like any noun.  
Ex : スーパーへ行いくのを忘わすれた。I forgot to go to the supermarket.

- Generally, 物もの is used instead of の when it is a physical object and こと for events.  
Ex : 青あおいの　→　青あおい物もの  
私わたしが好すきなのは、ゲームだ。　→　私わたしが好 きな物ものは、ゲームだ。   
スーパーへ行いくのを忘わすれた。　→　スーパーへ行いくことを忘わすれた。

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

任天堂にんてんどうはゲームの会社かいしゃだ。

Nintendo is a video game company.

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

私わたしの犬いぬは、ゴールデンレトリバーだ。

My dog is a Golden Retriever.

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

面白おもしろいのは、マンガだ。

The interesting things are the manga.

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

ラーメンを食たべるのが好すきだ。

I like to eat ramen.

 

| [Add flashcards](https://cardemy.com/addCardsFromGrammarGuide) |   |
| --- | --- |
| の | 99998485763128 |
| の | 99998486004330 |

![La particule の : tonalité explicative](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/subtitle_bean.svg)

### Explanatory tone of the particle の

We use の to explain or ask for a reason, an explanation.

A: どうしたの。What is happening to you? (seeking for explanations)  
B: 頭あたまが痛いたいの。I have a headache. (giving explanations)

A: 学校がっこうへ行いかないの？You don't go to school (How come you don't go to school?)  
B: 今いまから行いくよ。I'm going there now.

Remarks on the use of the explanatory の

- Often used with どうして (why).  
Ex : どうして食たべないの。Why don't you eat?

- If の is put in front of a noun, な must be added between the noun and の to distinguish it from the particle の which means belonging ("to" or "of").  
Ex : 車くるまは、ジャックのだ。The car belongs to Jacques.  
社長しゃちょうになるのは、ジャックなのだ。It is Jacques who becomes president of the company (with an explanatory tone).

- We also add な after adjectives in -な.  
皆みんな山田やまださんが好すきだ。山田やまださんはとても親切しんせつなのだ。Everyone loves Yamada. Because he is very nice.

-「のだ」is used more in written language. In conversation, it is preferred「んだ」.  
A: あれ、今日きょう仕事しごとはないの？   
B: うん、休やすみなんだ。

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

綺麗きれいなシャツだね。どこで買かったの。

That's a nice shirt. Where did you buy it?

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

私わたしが会あったのはナタリーではなかったのだ。

It was not Nathalie that I met.

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

東京とうきょうは東京とうきょうタワーが有名ゆうめいなんだ。

In Tokyo, it is the Tokyo Tower that is known.

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

新あたらしい自転車じてんしゃはゆうこのなんだ。

The new bike is Yuko's.

 

| [Add flashcards](https://cardemy.com/addCardsFromGrammarGuide) |   |
| --- | --- |
| の | 99998480078175 |
| のだ | 1108556426 |
| なんだ | 352883988 |
| んだ | 99998484020287 |

 

 

 

![Exercices](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/subtitle_bean.svg)

### Exercices

Complete with the appropriate particle.

友達ともだち〇一緒いっしょにレストランでステーキを食たべた。

Answer →

友達ともだちと一緒いっしょにレストランでステーキを食たべた。

Translation →

I had a steak in a restaurant with my friend.

私わたし〇猫ねこは白しろい。

Answer →

私わたしの猫ねこは白しろい。

Translation →

My cat is white.

いつも魚さかな〇野菜やさいを食べる。

Answer →

いつも魚さかなと(や)野菜やさいを食べる。

Translation →

I always eat fish and vegetables.

どうして空そらは青あおい〇。

Answer →

どうして空そらは青あおいの。

Translation →

Why is the sky blue?

Change the sentences below with the particle や.

韓国かんこくのドラマとアイドルが好すきだ。

Answer →

韓国かんこくのドラマやアイドルが好すきだ。

Translation →

I like Korean series and idols (etc.).

明日あした、山田やまださんと加藤かとうさんがうちに来くる。

Answer →

明日、山田さんや加藤さんがうちに来る。

Translation →

Tomorrow Yamada and Kato (etc.) are coming to my house.

Change the sentences below with 「の」 explanatory or 「んだ」.

明日あした何なにをする？

Answer →

明日あした何なにをするの？

Translation →

What are you doing tomorrow?

昨日きのうは誕生日たんじょうびだった。

Answer →

昨日きのうは誕生日たんじょうびだったんだ。

Translation →

Yesterday was my birthday.

去年きょねんの冬ふゆは寒さむくなかった。

Answer →

去年きょねんの冬ふゆは寒さむくなかったんだ。

Translation →

Last year's winter was not cold.

 Topics: [Learn Japanese](https://blog.cardemy.com/tag/learn-japanese), [JLPT N4 Grammar](https://blog.cardemy.com/tag/jlpt-n4-grammar)

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