---
title: JLPT N4 - Causative and passive forms of verbs
description: JLPT N4 Free grammar course - Causative and passive forms of verbs られる させる させられる
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---

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[![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/JLPT%20grammar%20N4.jpeg)](https://blog.cardemy.com/jlpt-n4-causative-and-passive-forms-of-verbs-られる-させる-させられる)

# JLPT N4 - Causative and passive forms of verbs

![Christophe](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/IMG_4361S_C-1.jpg)

Posted by [Christophe](https://blog.cardemy.com/author/christophe) on Feb 12, 2023 7:53:00 AM

![Verbe causatif  使役動詞 させる　](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/subtitle_bean.svg)

### Causative form させる

The causative form translates as "let someone do something" or "make someone do something".

It is formed as follows:   
1) 一段動詞いちだんどうし /  -ru verbs : Radical + させる   
食たべる : Radical 食たべ → 食たべさせる   
見みる : Radical 見み → 見みさせる

2) 五段動詞ごだんどうし / -u verbs : Radical + aせる    
乗のる noru : Radical nor → 乗のらせる noraseru   
待まつ matsu : Radical mat → 待またせる mataseru

3) Irregular verbs する (to do) and 来くる(to come)   
する　→　させる   
くる　→　こさせる

私わたしは子供こどもに宿題しゅくだいをさせます。   
I tell my child to do my homework.

There are two forms of causative sentences: intransitive and transitive. 

- Intransitive causative verbs (of force / instruction / emotion)   
  A は、 B を 〇〇 させる

- Transitive causative verbs    
  A は、 B に 〇〇 を させる

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

先生せんせいは、生徒せいとを走はしらせます。

The teacher let the students run. (or "make the students run")

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

部長ぶちょうは、社員しゃいんを働はたらかせます。

The director let the employees work. (or "make the employees work")

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

この映画えいがは、私わたしを泣なかせます。

This film makes me cry.

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

母ははは、妹いもうとに薬くすりを飲のませました。

My mother forced (let) my little sister to take her medicine.

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

兄あには、弟おとうとに漢字かんじを書かせました。

My older brother forced (let) my younger brother to write kanji.

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

友達ともだちは、私わたしにご飯はんを作つくらせました。

My friend forced (let) me prepare the meal.

 

| [Add flashcards](https://cardemy.com/addCardsFromGrammarGuide) |   |
| --- | --- |
| 食べさせ | 99998477225906 |
| 飲ませて | 1213578358 |
| 働かされて | 99998481628361 |

**Exercices**

Conjugate the verbs below in the causative form させる

歩あるく

Answer →

歩あるかせる

Translation →

Let walk

着きる

Answer →

着きさせる

Translation →

Let wear

買かう

Answer →

買かわせる

Translation →

Let buy

話はなす

Answer →

話はなさせる

Translation →

Let talk

行いく

Answer →

行いかせる

Translation →

Let go

![La forme passive　れる / られる ](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/subtitle_bean.svg)

### Passive form れる / られる

The passive form is used when someone receive the action of another person.

As Japanese grammar often expresses sentences without using a subject, passive sentences are very common. 

They are formed in the following way:   
1) 一段動詞いちだんどうし / -ru verbs : Radical + られる   
食たべる : Radical 食たべ → 食たべられる

2) 五段動詞ごだんどうし / -u verbs : Radical + aれる(われる)   
飲のむ : Radical nom → 飲のまれる nomareru   
言いう iu : Radical i → 言いわれる iwareru   
買かう kau: Radical i → 買かわれる kawareru

3) Irregular verbs する (to do) and 来くる(to come)   
する　→　される   
くる　→　こられる

友達ともだちは、私わたしのお菓子かしを食たべた。My friend ate my cake.   
→ 私わたしのお菓子かしは、友達ともだちに、食たべられた。 My cake was eaten by my friend.

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

この話はなしは、新聞しんぶんに書かかれました。

This story was written in the newspaper.

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

生徒せいとは、先生せんせいに名前なまえを聞きかれました。

The students asked the teacher for their names.

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

その本ほんは、たくさんの子供こどもに読よまれた。

The book is read by many children.

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

この町まちは、1970年ねんに壊こわされました。

This city was destroyed in 1970.

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

父ちちは、医者いしゃに呼よばれました。

My father was called by the doctor.

 

| [Add flashcards](https://cardemy.com/addCardsFromGrammarGuide) |   |
| --- | --- |
| 読まれる | 99998476593119 |
| 呼ばれる | 1695870398 |

**Exercices**

Conjugate the following verbs in the passive form れる　られる

生うむ

Answer →

生うまれる

Translation →

was born

起おこす

Answer →

起おこされる

Translation →

be woken up

閉しめる

Answer →

閉しめられる

Translation →

be closed

取とる

Answer →

取とられる

Translation →

be taken

潰つぶす

Answer →

潰つぶされる

Translation →

be crushed

![Forme Causative Passive](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/subtitle_bean.svg)

### "Causative passive" form させられる

The "causative passive" form expresses an action that has been forced by someone else. 

It can be formed by the combination of causative and passive forms.

一段動詞いちだんどうし / -ru verbs

| Form | 食たべる | 見みる |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Causative form | 食たべさせ **る** | 見みさせ **る** |
| Causative Passive form | 食たべさせ **られる** |  見みさせ **られる** |

五段動詞ごだんどうし / -u verbs

| Form | 飲のむ | 買かう |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Causative form | 飲のませ **る** | 買かわせ **る** |
| Causative Passive form | 飲のませ **られる** | 買かわせ **られる** |

Irregular verbs

| Form | する | 来くる |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Causative form | させ **る** | 来こさせ **る** |
| Causative Passive form | させ **られる** | 来こさせ **られる** |

 

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

父ちちは、娘むすめに人形にんぎょうを買かわせられた。

My father was forced to buy a doll by my daughter.

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

父ちちに歯医者はいしゃに行いかされられた。

I was sent to a dentist by my father.

![](https://blog.cardemy.com/hubfs/flashcards_purple.svg)

母ははに嫌きらいな物ものを食たべさせられていた。

My mother made me eat something I didn't like.

 

| [Add flashcards](https://cardemy.com/addCardsFromGrammarGuide) |   |
| --- | --- |
| させられる | 133953564 |
| させられ | 1156233707 |

**Exercices**

Conjugate the following verbs in the passive causative form させられる

参加さんかする

Answer →

参加さんかさせられる

Translation →

having been forced to participate

寝ねる

Answer →

寝ねさせられる

Translation →

having been forced to sleep

掃除そうじする

Answer →

掃除そうじさせられる

Translation →

having been forced to clean

 Topics: [Learn Japanese](https://blog.cardemy.com/tag/learn-japanese), [JLPT N4 Grammar](https://blog.cardemy.com/tag/jlpt-n4-grammar)

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